Road-bed and construction thereof.



CARLETCIN ELLIS, OF MUNTfiL'AIR, NEW JEESEY,

ROAD-BED A1513 CO1? STRUQIIGN' THEREOF.

No Drawing.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARLETON Ennis, .a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Road- Beds and Construction Thereof, of which the following isle specification.

This invention relates to a method 0% treating road beds either to harden the surface and prevent to a considerable extent the formation of dust, or to form a hard, firm series of courses making up a roadhed, all as more fully hereinafter described.

My invention relates to the treatment of roads with the binding constituent of sultile liquor.

It has been proposed to treat roads with sulfite liquor either dilute or concentrated to a solution of desired density.

My invention does not have to do with solutions of this character, but relates to the use of binding materials as suliite Waste liquor solids concentrated to a dry powder or otherwise put into non-liquid form etc. more part-iculerlyundel' conditions which give rise to a body showing certain reactive and other properties of a novel character as will be more fully hereinafter set forth.

In preparing the material for carrying out my invention, 1 take waste sulfiteof cel;

lulose liquor and concentrate it prefer-ahly after largely freeing it from lime or other materials Whichmay 'tend to clog the con centrziting apparatus. By this I do not -.znen.n that ordinarily l. entirely remove all mineral bases which are present, but simply that preferably 1 endeavor to eliminate such portion as be precipitated during concentmtion.

"if liquid. may be evaporated in the acid condition, or it may he first neutrnli ear or inside alkaline. None of these procedures, however, serve my purpose as Well as what i call the step of producing a semiarid coin- Which is reduced almost exactly one-half by the addition of lime or other basic material.

The concentration of the solution maybe curried out with fully 'd materiel and the ffi3fil-fiili material sequrntly girepound, that-is one, the normal acidity of concentrat ng to synipy llauin WlUClE is about the initial liquor used in the Specification of Letters Bat-en.

Application filed becemher 7, 1912.

Patented July 'ifiifi,

Serial 230. 735,393.

treatment of roads, I carry the tion much further, removing most the entire content of wete v 7 in,the presence of oxygen, so that oxygenw tion of the preferred semi-acid product occurs and produces a finely granular or pul verulent material which, although soluble in water, is normally not excessively soluble like OIdlIl'il}? sulfite liquor and which senilacid oxidized material although originally soluble has the property of becoming more or less insoluble on protracted exposure to air and moisture in road beds Without material loss of binding qualities. x

In u 'iplying my product to the treatment of a road surface preferably I dust the sur face with the finely granular or pulverulent product and then sprinkle the roadbed with water. each granule of the binding ma terial slowly dissolves, it forms it zone of concentrated liquor in the adjricent rhgion, while this gradually tapers oil to a week so lution or content of sulfitc liquor whicl1 property often tends to prevent the heretofore experienced ditliculty of crusting.

The binding material in dry form may be applied by means of u distributer attached tethe front of an ordinary Watering cart so that immediately after the road is dusted, the Water applied to bring about cements tion. On the other hand very desirable results may be secured by dusting the road with the dry bindereluu rollingzime before sprinkling This secures a road surface of a somewhat different texture from that ohtuincd when ordinziry sulfite liquor is sprinkled on the surface.

It is well nigh impossihle to roll into the surface the liquid sulfite liquor to ai ford the'reeults which are obtained by roll the dusted road surface in this manner which, of course, may bs'previously (lampencd if desired and then thoroughly sprinkling the road to bring about the final ceraentution.

Various course, he used in distrzhulin concentrs z' ernhl alkinds of anuratus mi" of the powder over the road bed surface, an u ituhie pen huting iniichine of standard ice ; through the earthy mass and this which discharges a larger amount along the wheel track portion of the road. A roller may then follow to press this into the surface and on sprinkling the special effect desired is secured. It is obvious that the local application of liquids in this manner offers many difficulties which do not obtain with the dry binder.

Various additions may be made to the dry binder either during or after concentration to that form. After concentration to a thick material powdered quicklime sometimes may be added to absorb the moisture present and to afford a dry powder without further concentration.

All kinds of fillers such as talc, kieselguhr, fullers earth and the like may be added to the partially concentrated liquor so as to form a nucleus during the concentration to dryness and also weight the particles so that the product may be applied in windy weather without loss.

An addition to the liquor is that of silicate of soda or its equivalent. The addition of 5 or 10% more or less of silicate of soda prior to final concentration yields a valuable product, in spite of the seeming exchange tending to bring about the formation of silicate of lime. It is however, just as feasible or better to mix the dry pulverized sulfite wi; ite liquor solids with dry silicate of soda in powder form using about 5 to 10% of the latter more or less and dust the road with this mixture, subsequently sprinkling same.

In addition to the semi-acid oxidized material other binders derived from sulfite liquor may be employed, as also any equivalent substance and I do not limit myself herein to the precise materials or procedure employed, but may invoke the doctrine of equivalency in so far as same is herein applicable.

In making the road bed the road material may be mixed with dry binder in the proportion of say 1% or more according to the nature of the road material and the road built up course by course in the usual way, the number and character of the courses depending upon the degree' of elaboration of the roadbed required. \Vhen the road is moistened, each particle of the binder furnishes a. zone decreasing in concentration from the surface of the particle outward form of distribution apparently prevents the trouble heretofore experienced in some instances of scaling'and crusting.

Ordinary Portland cement or concrete mixture may receive additions of the dry binder and be worked up into a mortar in connection with the making of so-called cements or concrete road bcds.

The water employed in inoish-ning the rtadbed may be charged with any suitable chemical such, for example, aschlorid of calcium or magnesium, sodium silicate, mo" lasses and black strap or emulsions of oil. Similarly the road surface may be coated with bitumen or the road structure may be suitably impregnated with oil or bitumen and the like.

A feature of the present invention previously in part set forth is that the powdered binder may be distributed through the road soil so that the particles are separated more or less, but nevertheless are closely adjacent, and furnishing when moistened points of germination of sulfite liquor solution which diffuse away from these points or germinal centers of solution into the earth around about and furnish zones of decreasing concentration from the point of germination outwardly. Thus by havingthe particles.

closely adjacent, over-lapping zones of varying concentration may be secured and this irregularity of distribution often as stated tends to overcome the objection of crust-ing which has been heretofore experienced to some extent with sulfite waste liquor.

When oil is used as a surface coating if desired a quantity of the powdered sulfite waste liquor may be added thereto. Simi larly if oil is incorporated with the courses of the road themselves, such oil may contain powdered or granular sulfite waste liquor. On the other hand, the sultite waste liquor may contain oil or other waterproofing ma- .terialisuch as calcium stearate and the like in order that. the granules of the binder may be given a definite resistance to the solvent action of the water so that the particle or granule of the sult'itc liquor remains for a long time in part undissolved, acting as a source of supply of sultite liquor to the adjacent soil and thus enabling a continuance of etlect which is not easily secured in any other way. The addition of 10 to 15$?- of petroleum oil such as asphaltic oil suflices to accomplish this result, yielding a product which atl'crds high permanence even in the dampest climates. In normal climates 3 to 3. of oil or 1% or so of calcium stearate sufliccs to securc'this etl'ect. The oil may be added to the liquor after the latter has been com-.entrated to a thick syrup when the ])l't)tl uct may be reduced to dryness and -pulverized.

What I claim is:

1. The process of treating roads which comprisesulusting over the surface thereof a binder comprising sullite waste liquor solids in a dry form.

2. The ju'ocess of treating road beds or road surfaces which comprises im-orporating therewith a binder composed of dry suls file waste liquor solids and a weighting ma-- stantially dr ing therewith a binder comprising a substantially dry finely divided material comprising sultite Waste liquor solids.

Signed at Montclair in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, this 30th day .of November, A. D. 1912.

CARLETON ELLIS.

fite waste liquor solids and in applying a 1 greater quantity of said binder along the region of greatest tractive erosion. l '4. The process of treating road beds or road surfaces which comprises inc0rporating therewith a binder comprising a sub finely divided material comprising sul te Waste liquor solids and! Weighting material. i; The process of treating road beds or 1 Witnesses:

B. M. ELLIS, F. CARBUTT.

0. road surfaces which comprises incorporat- 

